Technology Transfer and Controlling Enterprise Resources

Questions: 1. What would be the most appropriate technologies you would recommend to the owners that manage multiple sites or integrate supply chains?2.How might this network coordinate their technology transfer to not only provide the most reliable information, but also provide proper control through the enterprise?3.How might your recommendations be supported through web technologies? In presenting your recommendations, how might you explain the importance of obtaining relevant data through the enterprise system to the owners of the food retailer? Answers: Introduction Understanding various types of supply chains across different industries is of great importance for ensuring the effective management of the various resources available within the enterprise. As supply chains get complex, the reliance on technology to control and manage the resources as well as integrating them efficiently also increases significantly. 1. Customers and their outlooks are changing dynamically. This change calls for appropriate changes in outlook and ideology by top management, coupled with the adoption of appropriate and relevant technologies (Ghilic-Micu, Mircea, Nisioiu, Silvestru, Stoica, 2010). In the age of the internet and cloud computing most of the technologies are dependent on the internet. This includes technology for management of multiple sites as well as integration of supply chains. The integration of supply chains would be easily managed using software related to inventory management. This would help in automation of several processes as well as ensure that information regarding deliveries and orders are easily tracked. This process would further aid in accurately forecasting demand for and supply of the commodity, thus ensuring suitable inventory levels (Kristianto, Ajmal, Addo Tenkorang, Hussain, 2012). This simple process would be a key component to ensure that fast moving commodities are availab le in suitable quantity and techniques like Just-In-Time management are utilized to the maximum while reducing the requirements for warehouse space. Using advanced inventory management techniques and ERP also ensures a significant decrease in manual errors as well as costs incurred as part of administration or inventory storage (Raki, 2014). Transparency in operations is a significant help in enhancing the customer experience through speedy and timely delivery of commodities. Automated systems in inventory management include the integration of accounting along with inventory, thus doing away with duplication of data and resulting redundancy (Sundtoft Hald Mouritsen, 2013). One such technology is the RFID (radio frequency identification) that is being increasingly used by many organizations to track products using sensors. The tracking process works throughout the supply chain across multiple sites and helps ensure that bottlenecks within the system are minimized. 2. As is commonly seen in all emerging technologies, there exists considerable confusion as well as misleading information with regards to RFID as well. RFID is being consistently used for all processes during the entire product lifecycle. While each process is distinct, the core values of the technology remain the same. In logistics, for instance, RFID used at automated toll collection points helps track the movement of goods across various locations. On the other hand, the same technology used in-house tracks the movement of raw materials being supplied to its use in various processes as well as the final products. Thus, RFID helps in controlling inventory levels, modulating purchases and ensuring availability of final product. The considerable improvement in efficiencies and the transparency in tracking the commodities helps minimize bottlenecks as well as improve the response of supply chains, thereby ensuring easy availability of reliable information as well as providing adequat e control of the resources of the enterprise (Sabbaghi Vaidyanathan, 2008). 3. Balancing inventory cost and profits are part of cost efficiency in inventory management. Inventory carrying cost is a major contributor to inventory cost and includes storage cost, taxes and insurance as well as cost of capital invested in inventory (Grant, 2011). The integration of RIFD with cloud computing has been instrumental in ensuring that web technologies are capable of supporting RIFD. In the case of food retailers, which tend to have a lower shelf life, the use of this technology, helps ensure that wastage from food items past their expiry date are easily overcome. The inventory carrying cost is also significantly reduced (Adebanjo Michaelides, 2010). Conclusion The reduction of bottlenecks in the various business processes in the organization is essential for ensuring cost efficiency and profits. The use of various technologies like ERP systems and RIFD are a positive step in the strategic management of the resources in the enterprise as they ensure that the various raw materials, their movement and the various processes they are involved in are all tracked and monitored. References Adebanjo, D. Michaelides, R. (2010). Analysis of Web 2.0 enabled e-clusters: A case study. Technovation, 30(4), 238-248. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2009.09.001 Ghilic-Micu, B., Mircea, M., Nisioiu,, C., Silvestru, C., Stoica, M. (2010). Designing flexible e-business workflow systems. Journal Of Applied Computer Science Mathematics, (9), 72-77. Grant, K. (2011). ICIME 2011-Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Information Management and Evaluation (1st ed., pp. 300-310). Academic Conferences Limited. Kristianto, Y., Ajmal, M., Addo Tenkorang, R., Hussain, M. (2012). A study of technology adoption in manufacturing firms. Journal Of Manufacturing Technology Management, 23(2), 198-211. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17410381211202197 Raki, H. (2014). An application of RFID in supply chain management to reduce inventory estimation error. Uncertain Supply Chain Management, 2(2), 97-104. https://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2014.1.001 Sabbaghi, A. Vaidyanathan, G. (2008). Effectiveness and Efficiency of RFID technology in Supply Chain Management: Strategic vales and Challenges. Journal Of Theoretical And Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 3(2). https://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0718-18762008000100007 Sundtoft Hald, K. Mouritsen, J. (2013). Enterprise resource planning, operations and management. International Journal Of Operations Production Management, 33(8), 1075-1104. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijopm-11-2011-0430

Teachers pay Essay Example For Students

Teachers pay Essay Teachers should be paid according to student performances. Teachers that I have encountered on a high school classroom level do not care about the kids and how much they are learning. They only care about the paycheck. Some of my Good teachers are not rewarded. Incompetent teachers are protected. Whats best for the kids is not even factored into the equation. Its all about seniority. Nowhere is that more obvious than when lay-offs occur. When a reduction in staff is required, do schools keep the best teachers? The answer may surprise you. Thanks to collective bargaining contracts the teachers union has forced down the throats of every school district in the state, schools automatically keep the teachers who have been there the longest; even if they are the least competent, and even if some of the brightest and best must be laid off to protect those with seniority. That really is how it works. We will write a custom essay on Teachers pay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now No reward for a job well done. Just pay and job security based on seniority. Sure, teachers get an extra thousand bucks or so each year for extra college courses or degrees. But even that policy is a farce. Thanks once again to the teachers union, extra college classes dont have to be related to subjects the teacher actually teach. Math teachers can get paid extra for taking college courses in Modern Feminist Philosophy or Medieval Basket Weaving. Thats really how it works. Nothing in the current system is designed to improve the quality of the education our kids receive. The current system is designed merely to reward seniority. Teachers would be paid based on the increase in the appropriate knowledge of students under the teachers instruction. For teaching. And if lay-offs occur, school districts would keep the best teachers, not just those who have been there the longest. Its that simple. For once, there would be some accountability in public education. Some reward for a job well done. Our current system of paying teachers is designed to reward teachers for one thing: seniority. The longer theyve been there, the more they get paid. When you reward something, you tend to get more of it. If you dont reward something, you get less of it. Thats exactly whats happening in our schools. The teachers who have been there the longest get more money and more job security regardless of whether they are doing a good job. What we arent getting more of is student learning. Studies consistently show that how long a teacher has been teaching has no relationship to student learning. What that means is we are rewarding something that has nothing to do with the purpose of our schools! Its pretty obvious that the best way to get more student learning which is the purpose of our schools is to tie teachers pay to student learning. In other words, the more students learn, the more the teachers will be paid. And, in fact, where this has been tried it has worked! North Carolina, which offers financial incentives to teachers for improved student learning, has shown the greatest student improvement in math and reading in the nation over the past ten years. Bibliography: .

Communication Between Parents and Children Essays

Communication Between Parents and Children Essays Communication Between Parents and Children Essay Communication Between Parents and Children Essay The causes of the lack of communication between parents and children can have several causes: personal characteristics, distances, traumas, addictions etc. In the case of the story read, A Day s Wait, little Chats is sick: He was shivering, his face was white, and he walked slowly as though it ache to move; his father reacts Like any parent would react by asking if the child is not feeling well: Whats the matter, Chats; son responds by saying that he Just has a headache. A dad that Is more sensitive to the feelings of the son would have Insisted upon noting that the son does not appear to be feeling well. There Is parents who do not have facility to handle and deal with their childrens feelings, perhaps because he himself has gone through a salary situation, a trauma. The alcoholism can disrupt for obvious reasons: If the father cannot deal with their own feelings Imagine with other people. Distance and also Intuitive, depending on the availability of technologies. However these are not cases of history. In dealing with the consequences of the lack of communication between parents and children, these may vary between fights, more trauma, family breakdown, separation, misunderstandings, dislikes etc. In the case of this reading, one of the major consequences was the anguish in which the child spent all day: He lay still in the bed and Seemed very detached from what was going on. So, to avoid these situations, the best thing to do to and try to understand the other persons feelings, try to imagine what the other person is going through, insisting because sometimes when people go through bad situations they may find it difficult to express their feelings and end falling in a zone of bitterness. In the case of this story, the resolution left the question of the child: About what time do you think l m going to die?

Benjamin Franklin Gender Roles

The autobiography is based around the age of reason and a time man was thought to be able to be perfected by means of science and invention. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin is full of success, however, the male gender prevails much more than the female gender. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin begins In 1706, when Benjamin was born. He was the fifteenth of seventeen children. HIS father, , had intended that Benjamin go to school to become a minister. However, Benjamin showed a great love for reading and writing and soon enough the path to become a minister was abandoned.At age ten, he was soon taken out of school to begin work with his father . This work Included making candles and soap. During this time, Bens father taught him the importance of debate, which would stick with Ben for the rest of his life. Not long after, Benjamin began to work for his brother James, a printer. Ben signed an eight year work contract with his brother. Ben disliked his fathers trade and preferred working for a printer because it allowed him to read and hone his writing skills. This brief history of Bens childhood alone shows the importance of the male gender during the .A female would never have been given a Job at a printing press or put through school in the same way that Benjamin was. HIS success began right when he was born because of his father putting him through school and finding jobs for him. More importantly, his father teaching him the importance of debate is a groundbreaking moment. Benjamin Franklin is known as a political figure and scientist/inventor. Learning the Importance of debate at such a young age clearly served him in great and many ways. Benjamin Franklin spent his teen years practicing his writing. In 1 720,James started a newspaper known as the New England . According to Franklin, this was the second newspaper in America. Franklin worked as a delivery boy and would publish his own writings anonymously. Franklin often disputed politics and books with another bookish lad by the name of John Collins. One of their arguments speaks directly about the female gender during the . A question was once, somehow or other, started between Collins and me, of the propriety of educating the female sex in learning, and their abilities for study. He was of that It was Improper (Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. New York: Bantam Books, 1982, 14. ) Collins shares the same views and mentalities that many men of the shared. At the time, it was was it a waste but Collins specifically states that it is improper. l took to the contrary side, perhaps a little for disputes sake. (Franklin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, 14. ) This statement, made by Benjamin Franklin, is of great importance. He goes against the general population, whether by choice or simply for the sake of argument.When he states that it was perhaps a little for disputes sake, e leaves room for the reader to assume that he was in fact for the education of women. That being said, this doesnt mean he is wishing their success in following the American dream like many women are more than capable of doing today. Nonetheless, the fact that Franklin promotes their educational well-being at all is a big step and is of significance. Benjamin Franklin doesnt mention too much about his own familys success. However, the beginning of The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin is written as a letter to his son, William. William did succeed however, quite well in fact. He went on to be the royal governor of New Jersey in 1771. Benjamin wife, Deborah Read, was never mentioned as being a very successful woman. In fact, together, they lost a son who was only four years old at the time. This death is only given a brief mention, most likely in order to not relive the tragedy. Within Franklins family, the male gender prevails. The most significant sign of this is with William Franklins rise to royal governor of New Jersey. However, there is also a great deficit within the male gender of Franklins family.The passing of Franklins second son wows that while the male gender succeeded greatly during the Age of Reason, there was also a great loss as well. The were designed for a male to succeed. From the beginning of the discovery of America, which was done by Columbus and mostly men, the male gender has taken leadership. It has taken nearly five hundred years for females to become as successful as they are today, and yet they still arent equal with men. In conclusion, even if it wasnt by choice, Benjamin Franklin and the male gender in general were much more successful than the female gender during the and the Age of Reason.

Summary for Data Comparison of Sprint and TMobil Case Study

Summary for Data Comparison of Sprint and TMobil - Case Study Example There can be different types of leverage involved in a financial sector. It can be a financial leverage, operating leverage, combined stand-alone or even correlation leverage. Leverage is generally measured by leverage ratios. For example, financial leverage can be determine either by debt-to-equity ratio, debt-to-value ratio or interest coverage ratio. Sprint Nextel and T-Mobile.USA (a subsidiary of T-Mobile International AG) are the third and fourth largest carrier in the United States, serving over 82.8 customers across United States. Being close competitors both companies are trying to surpass each other both in terms of investment and its returns. On Feb 28th, 2008 SmartBrief Inc.released the fourth quarter and full year 2007 results of both companies. According to press leases, for fiscal year 2007, Sprint Nextel revenues decreased about 2.2% reaching to $40.1 billion versus $41.0 billion in 2006. The decline in revenue was due to a reduced contribution from Wireless, partially offset by an improved contribution from Wireline, an investment gain and an income tax benefit in the fourth quarter of 2007. Its net assets declined to $64,109 millions in 2007 compared to $97,161 millions in previous year. Compared to Sprint Nextel "T-Mobile continues to drive strong year-over-year growth by pioneering innovation that matters to consumers," said Robert Dotson, CEO and President, T-Mobile USA. In years 2007, T-Mobile total revenues and asserts have raised to $19,288 millions and $43,359 - a 1.2% and 1.7% increase compared to 2006. The major contributing factors for an increase in revenue were contract, equipment sales, roaming and few other services, while short-term affiliate receivable loan and current portion of net deferred taxes resulted an increase in assets. For 2007, Sprint Nextel's debt to equity ratio - a measure of financial leverage - remained 0.34 compared to 0.22 for 2006. The total decrease in liabilities was 4.4% ($42,110 millions, for 2007, $44,030 millions for 2006) .This decrease was due to a decrease in accrued expenses liabilities, Long-term debt and capital lease obligations, deferred tax and other current year liabilities. Overall the for 2007, average financial leverage was 2.91 compared to 1.83 in previous year (Sprint Nextel Corporation: Profitability, 2008). During year 2007, T - Mobile total liabilities reduced too $5,297 millions compare $5,648 for 2006 (T-Mobile USA Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year, 2008).Sprint Nextel's total operating costs for 2007, has increased to $69,056 million compared to $38,519 millions for 2006. Costs of services increased 3% annually and 1% sequentially. The increase is primarily due to a larger number of cell sites on air. Cost of products was 7% below the fourth quarter of 2006 due to the decrease in the cost we pay for handsets. Cost of products in the quarter was flat with the third quarter. The ratio of fixed costs to total costs- an operating leverage measure was recorded to 0.78 compared to 0.60. The difference between

PROJECT 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

PROJECT 3 - Essay Example Practical mode of action research allows the researcher and the practitioner to communally merge so as to identify the actual potential problems. While working in a single unit, they are able to find out the underlying causes and to formulate possible solutions and stratagems (Newton and Burgess, 2008). According to Blaxter, Tight and Hughes (2010), mutual understanding is usually sought in practical action research, while the main goal is set to understanding practice and finding solutions to problems at hand. Practical mode of action research is known to adopt a non-positivist, ductile and a pliable technique to change. This kind of action research is commonly used in the field of education and other arenas, such as practitioner and human service development. Practical action research can therefore be summarized as an essential, a spot on and an immediate procedure that is specifically designed to tackle a concrete problem and provide a reliable solution. Other modes of action research tend to singularly identify a problem and tackle it in isolation, divorcing it from other contexts. One key feature or component of practical action research is the variation of knowledge that can be obtained while seeking solution to the problem. There are three main conditions which must be satisfied for a condition to be regarded as a critical, practical action research. The three conditions are individually essential and jointly competent in meeting practical action research requirements. The three are: 1. The project must involve the people responsible for the problem at hand at all moments of the activity. This aspect enables the project to widen the participation borders to gradually include any other parties that might have been affected by the problem at hand. The collaborative nature and control of the project must also be maintained. 3. The project must pass through, and successfully meet all the requirements of planning,

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Soldiers in Iran Essay Example for Free

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Soldiers in Iran Essay Abstract   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The conditions of post-traumatic conditions have been one of the major side effects on soldiers engaging wars and negative environment in the area of Iran. The psychological impact of this event involves various manifestations that prove to be non-beneficial and may even impair the psychological, mental, emotional and physical health of these soldiers. Even though the condition is widely known, the advent of social conflicts and emerging wars in the Pakistani- Iran environment has continuously caused the negative trauma among soldiers facing the threats. Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PSTD) in Soldiers in Iran Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In general psychological perspective, soldiers who engage in war with exposure to at least one battle can suffer trauma. The longer the exposure to war’s traumatic circumstances the deeper the post-traumatic sense of a life-death continuum that rests at the heart of the PTSD syndrome. Soldiers with exposure to trauma would experience various post-traumatic states. In a military culture that emphasizes courage under fire, counterphobic impulsivity would dominate as the ideal mental and emotion state, and promoted the aggressive personality. Each soldier has a breaking point at which phobia breaks through. In some cases, phobia dominated from the beginning. The point at which the soldier’s spirit broke would lead to a state pf phobic withdrawal. In either case, the exposure to battle or an environment where death and dying by implements of war were common would create a life-death continuum (Reid, 2001 p.427).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As soldiers rotated home or were sent home wounded, difficulties became apparent. While many came home and resumed their lives, some brought home drug dependencies and emotional problems, including explosive anger, distrust of others and vigilance beyond what was considered normal. The problems came to the attention of the medical groups, Andover time, doctors and psychiatrists began to elaborate on the concept of traumatic stress and PSTD (Roberts, 2003 p. 6). The most immediate effects of traumatic scenarios are manifested in the sensory that causes overload through sudden exposure to the bewildering, often exotic details of a much less advanced and alien society. Iran-American soldiers are both victims of the traumatic events experienced in the war; thus, engages these individuals in PSTD. Discussion PSTD: An Overview   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What is now referred to as PSTD has been around since recorded history under many different designations and description, and the most prominent manifestations are for those individuals who engage in traumatic events, such as war and deviant phenomenon (Lewis, 2006 p,63). PSTD occurs in response to the personal experience of overwhelming, terrifying, potentially lethal stress directed toward oneself or someone with whom the individual has a close attachment. The condition is a unique mental disorder that develops directly as a result of exposure to some type of trauma (Lewis, 2006 p,62). Examples of possible precipitations of PSTD would include severe automobile accidents, being raped or assaulted, and being exposed violent events. The individual then re-experiences the event in various ways, such as recurrent stressful recollections of the event, dreams of the event, and a sense that the traumatic event may be occurring again. The individual then attempts to avoid such cues in different methodologies, such as numbing of responses or becoming distant and removed (Mitchell, 2001 p.107).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the field of traumatic stress studies, it has been common, if not traditionally accepted, to define trauma by the nature of the stressors that influence the individual. Psychologically traumatic event can be construed as one in which the person has experienced an external stressor event that is injurious to the normal state and results in a condition that reflects this injury to the pre-traumatic state of being (Lewis, 2006 p,62-63). Thus, the injury caused by a traumatic event could produce varying degrees of distress to the victim for varying lengths of time, depending on the nature of the person, the nature of the traumatic experience, and the personal and social resources available for recovery and re-stabilization of the psychological state (Williams, 1994 p.7). PSTD is an unusual emotional disorder in that unlike disorders, such as depression and panic disorder, it is not defined simply in terms of its symptoms. To qualify for a diagnosis of PSTD, an individual must be exposed to an incident in which he or she feels that his or her life, safety, or emotional integrity has been seriously threatened. Often, for victims who have experienced a traumatic event, they may first be diagnosed with an adjustment disorder or an acute stress disorder (Lewis, 2006 p,62). Wars have provided a setting where large numbers of soldiers, subjected to varying degrees of stress, could be observed and studied by physicians of the period. The stress caused by war has been codified and labeled with such terms as: combat exhaustion, traumatic war neurosis, war or combat stress and, most recently, PSTD (Scrignar, 1991 p.87). Assessing traumatic experiences and understanding their impact on the trauma victim involve determining what is stored in the trauma network. While keeping the stimulus, response, and meaning dimensions in mind, the clinician should listen carefully to the clients account of the trauma, and then inquire explicitly about memory elements that are absent or de-emphasized (Williams, 1992 p.24). PSTD symptoms are generally grouped into three categories (Lewis, 2006 p,63) Re-experiencing includes disturbed sleep, intrusive memories, distressing dreams, nightmares, flashbacks, reliving the event, a view of the world as unsafe. Numbing and avoidance mistrust of others, isolation and disconnection, emotional or psychic numbness, low self-esteem, neglect of health, dissociation, ability to remember memories or feelings but not both, memory loss for certain events, loss of faith and hope. Hyperarousal – intense emotions, difficulty sleeping, panic and anxiousness, self-harm, risky behaviors, irritability, anger, difficulty concentrating. PSTD: Sufferings of the Soldiers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the aftermath of September 11, many parents and educators have struggled to help young people cope with traumatic events and have sought out ways to teach about crises without causing more trauma and stress. The conflict between Iran and United States has been pushed to its very limits; hence, initiated catastrophic moves during 2001 up to present, which caused the another class of America-Iran war. Many studies conducted by the American Psychiatric Association indicated that many American soldiers experience post-traumatic stress disorder, which follows a psychologically traumatic event outside of the range of usual human experiences. The symptoms may include nightmares, depression, withdrawal, hopelessness, sleep disorders, and other somatic complaints. The terrorism of September 11, 2001, and its association with Afghanistan have only added to the stress faced by the soldiers as well as the refugees living in the area as well as United States (Andrews and Boyle, 2002 p.328).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Military psychologists have long known that fear, stress, and exhaustion cause more casualties than do bombs and bullets. The ratios of psychological to physical casualties can be enormous considering the fact that war-related trauma is potentially severe, repeated and prolonged. Many American soldiers who fought for Iran and Afghanistan war during terrorism counter-siege have experienced immense manifestations psychological torture. According to psychological analysts, the primary goal of terrorism is to inflict psychological trauma for political ends. The exploitation of terror for political purposes is hardly new, when the French government employed terrorism to buttress the revolution (Allen, 2005 p.9).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to statistics issued by United States Army of mental health, 76% of soldiers have been traumatized by deaths or severe injuries of individuals close to them, while 55% of the soldiers have experienced near-death situations (e.g. bomb explosions, bomb trap, and roadside explosions). These causations have been deemed as the primary contributor to the occurrence of the said conditions (Weinstein, 2006). The table below shows the decline and rise of lethality, fatality and psychological trauma caused by the terrorism in the surveyed American military force. Table 1. Decline and Rise of Lethality, Fatality and Psychological Trauma Caused by the Terrorism Year U.S Dept. of State # Incidents U.S. Dept. of State # of Fatalities U.S Dept. of State #. Psychologically Traumatized 1994 322 314 663 1995 440 177 6,277 1996 296 314 2,915 1997 304 221 693 1998 273 741 5,952 1999 392 233 706 2000 423 405 791 2001 567 * 50,000 8,902 2002 663 * 20,000 16,321 Note: * Data are crude estimates only since, the number of fatalities is yet to be determined due to lack of data available. Source: Das and Peter, 2003 p.43-44   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The table above shows variably rising and falling statistics with certain timeline that determines the probable cause of the rise and fall. For example, the recent terrorism attacks of 2001 has caused immense fatalities, and the number continued to progress but greatly lowered since most of the fatalities during 2002 are mostly from military activities. However, sad to say, the number of those who has been traumatized increased in two-folds due to the war that these military powers engaged. The trauma caused by war caused psychological impact due to trauma among these soldiers as manifested by the table statistics above; hover, PSTD may not be the sole classification of the trauma caused by the said impact. Other psychological trauma-related conditions have been reported to occur in these soldiers, such as phobia, severe anxiety disorders, etc (Das and Peter, 2003 p.45-46).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Post-traumatic conditions have been found to most of the soldiers that entered the episodes of war. Only recently (2006), the Ministry of Defense has decided to reward $375,000 upon membership to Armed Forces who have suffered PSTD from Iraq-American wars (Evans, 2006). The federal government has allotted these funds in order to provide free treatment of those soldiers who incur physical and psychological damage from the field, such as those with PSTD. Medications for PSTD patients, such as Fluoexetine, sertraline, paroxetine, propanolol, have been provided by the government in order to ensure the treatment progression of these soldiers. Furthermore, psychological counseling, treatment and management for remedy of phobia or trauma have been initiated through federal government’s grants (Weinstein, 2006; Evans, 2006). References: Allen, J. G. (2005). Coping with Trauma: Hope Through Understanding. American Psychiatric Pub. Andrews, M. M., Boyle, J. S. (2002). Transcultural Concepts in Nursing Care. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Das, D. K., Kratcoski, P. C. (2003). Meeting the Challenges of Global Terrorism: Prevention, Control, and Global Terrorism. Lexington Books. Evans, M. (2006, November 17). MoD agrees  £375,000 for post-trauma stress. Retrieved January 10, 2008, from Times Online: http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/iraq/article1087438.ece Lewis, G. W. (2006). Organizational Crisis Management: The Human Factor. CRC Press. Matiolli, D. J. (2003, January). War with Iraq. Social Education, 67, Mitchell, J. (2001). Points of View: Stories of Psychopathology. Psychology Press. Reid, J. J. (2000). Crisis of the Ottoman Empire: Prelude to Collapse 1839-1878. Franz Steiner Verlag. Roberts, C. A. (2003). Coping with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Guide for Families. McFarland Company. Scott, M. J., Stradling, S. G. (2000). Counselling for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. SAGE. Scrignar, C. B. (1991). Stress Strategies: The Treatment of the Anxiety Disorders. Wellness Institute, Inc.. Weinstein, M. N. (2006, January). The Psychological Dilemma of Terrorism Post 9-11. Annals of the American Psychotherapy Association, 3, Williams, M. B. (1994). Handbook of Post-Traumatic Therapy. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.